Nanomechanically-induced nonequilibrium quantum phase transition to a self-organized density wave of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Nanomechanically-induced nonequilibrium quantum phase transition to a self-organized density wave of a Bose-Einstein condensate

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We report on a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition (NQPT) in a hybrid quantum many-body system consisting of a vibrational mode of a damped nanomembrane interacting optomechanically with a cavity, whose output light couples to two internal states of an ultracold Bose gas held in an external quasi-one-dimensional box potential.For small effective membrane-atom couplings, the system is in a Sneakers for Men - Grey - Canvas Mesh Athletic Running Shoes homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) steady state, with no membrane displacement.Depending on the transition frequency between the two internal atomic states, either one or both internal states are occupied.By increasing the atom-membrane couplings, the system transitions to a symmetry-broken self-organized BEC phase, which is characterized by a considerably displaced membrane the gel bottle cashmere steady-state and density-wave-like BEC profiles.This NQPT can be both discontinuous and continuous for a certain interval of transition frequencies and is purely discontinuous outside of it.